Analyze the structure of texts, including how specific sentences, paragraphs, and larger portions of the text (e.g., a section, chapter, scene, or stanza) relate to each other and the whole.

Describe the overall structure of a story, including describing how the beginning introduces the story and the ending concludes the action.

Collect and present the same data in various visual formats.

Identify and describe patterns in data visualizations, such as charts or graphs, to make predictions.

Model daily processes by creating and following algorithms (sets of step-by-step instructions) to complete tasks.

Modify, remix, or incorporate portions of an existing program into one's own work, to develop something new or add more advanced features.

Test and debug (identify and fix errors) a program or algorithm to ensure it runs as intended.

Use flowcharts and/or pseudocode to address complex problems as algorithms.

Create clearly named variables that represent different data types and perform operations on their values.

Seek and incorporate feedback from team members and users to refine a solution that meets user needs.

Incorporate existing code, media, and libraries into original programs, and give attribution.

Systematically test and refine programs using a range of test cases.

Distribute tasks and maintain a project timeline when collaboratively developing computational artifacts.

Ask questions, make observations, and gather information about a situation people want to change to define a simple problem that can be solved through the development of a new or improved object or tool.

Develop a simple sketch, drawing, or physical model to illustrate how the shape of an object helps it function as needed to solve a given problem.

Define a simple design problem reflecting a need or a want that includes specified criteria for success and constraints on materials, time, or cost.

Generate and compare multiple possible solutions to a problem based on how well each is likely to meet the criteria and constraints of the problem.

Define the criteria and constraints of a design problem with sufficient precision to ensure a successful solution, taking into account relevant scientific principles and potential impacts on people and the natural environment that may limit possible solutions.

Evaluate competing design solutions using a systematic process to determine how well they meet the criteria and constraints of the problem.

Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.